Table of Content

26 July 2025, Volume 44 Issue 4

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A Dual Sense of Alienation between Nation and State: Fieldwork Research on the Identity and Embarrassment of Afghan Diaspora in Pakistan

LONG Tao, MA Qiang

2025, 44(4):  1-11. 

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Influenced by historical traditions, Pakistan’s national policies, the ideology of the nation-state, and ethnic stereotypes, the Afghan diasporas in Pakistan have been constructed as the Other, distinct from mainstream Pakistani society. This imposed identity has subjected them to complex and shifting survival challenges, posing significant sociopolitical difficulties for Pakistan. The establishment of modern national borders has solidified territorial boundaries and replaced historically flexible policies, leaving Afghan diasporas in a state of identity uncertainty as they are caught between a lack of belonging and a yearning for it. Fieldwork and textual analysis are employed to examine how changes in identity and lived realities have contributed to a dual sense of alienation—both ethnic and national—among Afghan diasporas in Pakistan.

Study of Cultural Exchange along the Silk Road: Observations from Persian Caravansaras

MA Jindan

2025, 44(4):  12-22. 

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Ancient Persia blended the architectural styles of Egypt, Assyria, and Babylon to form a richly decorated and distinctive architectural system, with caravansaras being one of its outstanding representatives. These caravansaras were widespread across Persian cities and countryside, providing lodging services for merchants traveling along the Silk Road. Renowned for their grand and intricate designs, many of their ruins have survived to this day. Research indicates that Persian inns on the Silk Road not only provided rest and supplies for the caravans, but also played an important role as a medium for cultural exchanges between different regions, and had a profound impact on the integration of Eastern and Western civilizations.

Formation Conditions, Evolution Process, and Localization of China-Arab Maritime Silk Road Culture:A Case Study of Quanzhou in Fujian

ZHOU Zhilin, LUO Lin

2025, 44(4):  23-31. 

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The cultural heritage of the Maritime Silk Road represents the wisdom and achievements of friendly exchanges between ancient China and Arab. As the starting point of the Maritime Silk Road and a key hub for international trade, Quanzhou in Fujian Province has provided the foundational conditions for commercial exchange and cultural dialogue between the two countries. By exploring the evolution of cultural exchange along the Maritime Silk Road between China and Arab, a clearer understanding of the historical context and achievements of their civilisational interactions can be geined. This analysis can help identify the forms in which Chinese and Arab cultures have converged, interacted, and become localised in the Quanzhou region, offering historical insights and inspiration for deeper trade and cultural cooperation between China and Arab countries along the “21st-Century Maritime Silk Road”.

The Political Motivations for U.S. Assistance to Higher Education in Central Asia after the Cold War

SONG Haiying

2025, 44(4):  32-40. 

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After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the emergence of a “geopolitical vacuum” in Central Asia attracted the attention of the United States. The unique geographical location, abundant resources and energy, special security situation, and diverse cultural forms of this region have prompted the United States to actively strengthen its interaction and connections with Central Asia. The United States began to provide assistance to Central Asia’s higher education through “soft power”after the output of “hard power” had little effect, attempting to transform Central Asia with the Western political systems and economic models to achieve its global strategy.

Opportunities, Challenges and Prospects of the Development of the Silver Economy: Analysis Based on the Perspective of Social Participation of the Elderly

XIE Lili, WANG Fei

2025, 44(4):  41-51. 

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Developing the “silver economy” is one of the important measures to actively response to the population aging. Exploring the consumption and production potential of the elderly in the field of social participation opens up new avenues for the development of the “silver economy”. From the perspective of the social participation, the “silver economy” is facing unprecedented opportunities for development. These opportunities include the employment of the elderly population adding new momentum to the development of the “silver economy”, older volunteers becoming an important supplementary force in the field of elderly care services, the development of elderly education promoting the growth of the “silver economy's” vitality, the improvement of the elderly population's quality driving the upgrading of consumption demand, and emerging technologies leading the transformation of the forms of elderly participation. However, challenges also accompany these opportunities. Therefore, to further promote the comprehensive participation of the elderly in social and economic development, we must fully implement a systemic approach, and properly handle the six important relationships, including economy and society, government and market, efficiency and fairness, vitality and order, family and individual, and subject and object., to promote the development and reform of the social participation of older adults, and achieve high-quality development of the silver economy.

The Effect of Postponing Retirement on Family Intergenerational Support Function and Coping Strategy

DAI Yan, LIU Yawen

2025, 44(4):  52-62. 

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With the advent of the era of negative population growth in China, the problem of population aging is becoming more and more prominent. In order to actively respond to the problem of population aging, the policy of postponing the legal retirement age is gradually implemented on January 1st, 2025. On the one hand, the postponing retirement policy helps to improve the utilization rate of the labor force and population resources of the whole society. On the other hand, the postponing retirement may also affect the generation of society and families. The postponing retirement requires appropriate adjustment of the internal division of labor within the family, but this adjustment may lead to short-term inconvenience to family life. In addition, the postponing retirement may lead to a longer job retirement cycle in the system, which is not conducive to the stable employment of the young labor force.To this end, the relevant state departments should take countermeasures in many aspects such as the infant care support system, the allocation of regional education resources, the coordinated development of the intergenerational employment market, and the improvement of relevant laws and regulations.

A Study of Practices of Qujing in Strengthening the Sense of Chinese National Community in Ethnically Mixed and Scattered Areas

CHENG Li, DONG Huixiu

2025, 44(4):  63-70. 

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The experiences and practices of Qujing in strengthening the sense of Chiniese National Community in ethnically mixed and scattered regions are studied by. systematically reviewing the city’s positive practices and notable achievements in education, Party building and leadership, industrial development, public service, and ecological civilization. The results indicate that the region continues to face challenges including the pressure to preserve ethnic cultures, the differentiated needs of social integration, disparities of economic development, and the lack of coordination in social governance. Strategies including the enhancement of publicity and educational mechanisms, the strengthening of Party building and political leadership, the promotion of urban-rural economic integration, the fostering of shared ethnic cultures, and the innovation of social governance models are proposed as insights offering valuable experience of Qujing to support ethnic unity and progress in other multiethnic areas.

Interstructural Logic between 'Lao Shan Spirit'and Sense of Chinese National Community

ZHANG Fayan, WANG Haiting

2025, 44(4):  71-80. 

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The sense of Chinese national community is the foundation of national unity, the foundation of national unity and the soul of spiritual strength. “Laoshan Spirit” is the solid foundation of national unity in the border areas, and it is also an important ideological resource for the sense of Chinese national community. Based on the logical unity of the two in the level of cultural heritage, essence and practical goals, the “Laoshan Spirit” has an important value leading role in promoting border governance, economic development, cultural self-confidence, especially in forming a strong sense of Chinese national community. In the new era, the border ethnic areas can start from the three levels of deepening education, developing cultural tourism, and enhancing identity, so as to further help the deepening and sublimation of the Chinese nation's sense of community.

Literary Writing and Aesthetic Divergence of Multi-City Landscapes in Du Fu's Poems at Kui Zhou

ZHAO Xinping

2025, 44(4):  81-89. 

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Du Fu composed nearly four hundred poems during his residence in Kui Zhou. Among the poems, the writing of‘cityscape’centred on Kui Zhou and radiating to the Central Plains, Jing Chu and Wu Yue is characterized by not only outlining the trajectory of the poet's wanderings for most of his life, but also deeply presenting his unique life experiences and emotional projections of different cityscapes. At the level of natural landscapes, Du Fu experienced the steepness and strangeness of Kui Zhou's landscapes, the freshness and softness of Xia Xiang's landscapes, and the profoundness and heaviness of Jing Hua's landscapes. At the level of humanistic landscapes, Du Fu learnt the style of Shu Han from the historical relics of Kui Zhou, felt the style of Spring and Autumn through the historical relics of Jing Chu and Wu Yue, and got an insight into the historical image of the flourishing and declining of the Tang Dynasty in the palaces and platforms of Chang An. This aesthetic differentiation is not only rooted in Du Fu's later years in a difficult, sickly and worrying situation, but also influenced by the unique natural geography and humanistic features of various cities, and closely related to the complex and diverse geopolitical patterns of the regions he was involved in.

Essentials of the Times, Existing Challenges, and Coping Strategies of “Cultural Going to Sea”: A Case Study of Nezha 2

YANG Qingqing, YU Manhui

2025, 44(4):  90-97. 

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The Chinese animation Nezha 2 has ranked among the top five in movie history at the global box office and has been widely popular overseas, making it an exemplary case of Chinese outstanding traditional culture successfully “going to sea”. This achievement profoundly interprets the meaning of “culture going to sea”: a practical response to the “theory of clash of civilizations”, a proactive pursuit of building a community of human destiny, a contemporary demand for the implementation of a high level of opening up to the outside world, and an intrinsic requirement for the activation of the vitality of traditional culture. However, Chinese culture is still facing significant challenges, including the dilemma of “cultural discount” in cross-cultural communication, the risks of communication and security in the digital age, as well as the interfering constraints of geopolitical factors. These challenges can be coped to promote Chinese culture to go overseas and realize its “splendor” by making concerted efforts in four key dimensions: firstly, making use of the strategy of cultural translation and innovating the mode of narrative expression lowesr the cultural barriers and enhances the attractiveness; secondly, cutting-edge network technology is developed and an independent international media platform is built to grasp the initiative of digital communication; thirdly, improving agenda-setting ability and solving geopolitical dilemmas enhance the right of international discourse; and fourthly, improving the intellectual property protection system and strengthening publicity and education provides a solid guarantee for cultural innovation and going to the sea.

The Reconsideration of Boundaries: Confronting the Current Dilemma of 'High quality' Literature Created by Artificial Intelligence

LIU Zixuan

2025, 44(4):  98-105. 

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Artificial intelligence literature, the result of an attempt to integrate technology with literature, has disrupted the existing literary landscape and raised many thought-provoking questions. One of the key issues that needs further exploration is whether artificial intelligence can compose “literature of quality”. Beginning with definition of literature, this paper focuses on the relationship between “The End of Literature” and AI literature, highlighting the essential elements that make literature of quanlity. The argument that literature of quality should be about humans and for humans, and requires emotional creativity, linguistic artistry, and the creation and unfolding of textual meaning is proposed.The gap between AI literature and literature of quality, as well as the potential for future development are discussed to show that there is a broad space for exploring the collaboration between the two as humanity grapples with the concerns and reflections on the value of literature and its role.

Cultivating Morality through Aesthetic Education: An Aesthetic Examination of Moral Education in Universities

LI Baoyu, ZHANG Tianze

2025, 44(4):  106-113. 

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In the modern educational realm dominated by instrumental rationality, university moral education is faced a profound interrogation of its value rationality crisis: utilitarian goals dissolve the ontological value of moral education, intellectualized content fragments the lifeworld, and intellectually oriented methods alienate intersubjectivity. The core crisis lies in the absence of “aesthetics” in moral education processes, reducing moral instruction to a technical apparatus of knowledge discipline, while its inherent functions of spiritual enlightenment and spiritual nourishment continue to weaken. Aesthetic activities offer new pathways to resolve these dilemmas by reconstructing the aesthetic foundation of moral cognition, mediating aesthetic tensions in practical contradictions, and innovating affective paradigms for value transmission. To address this, universities must construct a “harmony between beauty and goodness” practical ecology: educators should transcend instrumental rationality constraints through aesthetic creation, awakening moral consciousness through life-oriented care; students should return to the lifeworld via aesthetic engagement, realizing the unity of knowledge and action in embodied practice; and teachers and students should co-build a bidirectional dialogue-based aesthetic community, achieving value consensus through spiritual resonance.

The Value, Dilemma and Path of Integrating Red Literature into Ideological and Political Education in Colleges and Universities

LIU Qingqing

2025, 44(4):  114-120. 

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“Red literature” is an important red cultural resource for ideological and political education in colleges and universities. Integrating red literature into ideological and political education in colleges and universities can enhance the infectious power of ideological and political education in colleges and universities by narrative, strengthen the persuasive power of ideological and political education in colleges and universities by history, strengthen the nurturing goal of ideological and political education in colleges and universities by value, and expand the form of presentation of ideological and political education in colleges and universities by art. However, in the process of integrating red literature, realities including insufficient supply of high-quality red literature, obstruction of the effectiveness of red literature under the information cocoon, and lagging behind in the adaptation of the media form of red literature are faced. In this regard, strengthening the creation of red literature of the times, digitally empowering the dissemination of red literature, creating an atmosphere for learning red literature, and giving play to the leading power of ideology and politics are to cultivate new people of the times for the construction of a socialist modernized and powerful country.

The Historical Evolution and Future Contemplation of Regional Educational Collaboration: A Case Study of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

DUAN Congyu, PENG Yuanhong

2025, 44(4):  121-128. 

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Examining the development and evolution, weaknesses and shortcomings, as well as future directions of educational collaboration holds significant reference value for promoting high-quality regional synergistic development, particularly for educational collaboration in other similar regions. Facilitated by the synergistic impetus of inter-university mechanisms, governmental mechanisms, and societal mechanisms, the current collaboration has achieved significant outcomes in higher education collaboration, vocational education collaboration, basic education collaboration, and private education collaboration.However, when examining the collaboration model from a macro-educational perspective—particularly through the lens of “holistic education”, Educational Collaboration in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area still exhibits shortcomings across three dimensions: public education collaboration outweighs private education collaboration; “bringing-in” collaboration exceed “going-global” collaboration and bottom-up collaboration dominate over top-down coordination.To advance the high-level development of educational collaboration in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, it is imperative to adopt integrated strategies focusing on refining collaboration objectives, enhancing institutional provisions, deepening top-level design framework, and bolstering underdeveloped areas in private education collaboration.