As a newly established first-level discipline approved by the Stare Education Administration, Area Studies is currently facing various practical problems that need further exploration and explanation, both in terms of macro-level disciplinary construction and micro-level talent training practices. On the basis of fully analyzing the disciplinary differences between Foreign Languages and Area Studies, this article, while proposing three paths for the transformation of Foreign Language to Area Studies, endeavors to find four suggestive Operation Guides as the preliminary solutions—Academic Supplementation”, “Anatomy of the Sparrow”, “Phenomena Backtracking” and Paradigm Borrowing—to help the newly enrolled foreign language graduates achieve the disciplinary transformation led by QUESTIONs as soon as possible.

New Zealand is one of the developed countries that established a modern veterans' support system early on. Its policies for preferential treatment and compensation for combat veterans are comprehensive, with a mature implementation mechanism. In the 21st century, New Zealand has participated in both the US led wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, and preferential policies for combat veterans involved are highly representative. Main contents include 12 aspects, such as independent plans for retired soldiers, preferential services for disease diagnosis and treatment, weekly compensation,and so on. The experiences of New Zealand such as ensuring sufficient fiscal funding, strengthening interdepartmental collaboration, prioritizing legal frameworks, implementing refined management, advancing digital services, and safeguarding the rights of overseas veterans, offer enlightening and reference significance for relevant departments of China in enhancing veteran affairs in the new era, particularly in the resettlement and support of combat veterans.

Since the Soviet invasion in 1979, drug cultivation, production, and smuggling have gradually become central to Afghanistan's war economy. After the Taliban's return to power in 2021, the regime issued a decree completely banning poppy cultivation and drug production, significantly reducing poppy farming areas and achieving initial success in drug control policies. Despite the Taliban government's implementation of various anti-drug measures, the deeply entrenched drug economy, local corruption, farmers' livelihood issues, the complexity of drug smuggling networks, the lag in developing alternative economies, as well as international isolation and external sanctions, continue to severely hinder the long-term progress of anti-drug efforts. Research indicates that effective political reconstruction and economic restructuring are essential for fundamentally transforming the drug economy, ensuring the country's long-term stability and development, and enhancing the Afghan government's capacity for drug control.

Jiangxi literary school came into being in the Northern Song Dynasty, and their school consciousness had already matured in the Southern Song Dynasty, while their name was formally established in the Yuan Dynasty. There were three marks for the establishment: First, the genealogy of literary league with Ouyang Xiu as the authentic literary league and the clear concept of literary system; The second is to take jiangxi as the boundary of the regional learning and conscious consciousness of cultural system transmission; Third, it is the auxiliary wing of the outstanding prose masters as the main body of creation, as well as the non-Jiangxi literary writers who vigorously push and illustrate the characteristics of the faction. It can be said that the writers of jiangxi literary school in yuan dynasty adopted tang prose or song prose or both of tang and song prose, which is the epitome of the change in the division and combination of zong tang and song and the deepening of the relationship between tang and song prose in yuan dynasty, and also the beginning of the tang and song school in Ming, qing, tang and song dynasties, and has indelible significance.

Biographical accounts of Wang Daokun exhibit significant variations across local gazetteers of different administrative levels and regions during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Gazetteers from his hometown adhered to the principle of “concealing faults and highlighting virtues”, constructing an image of him as a “well-rounded” local sage; gazetteers from the regions where he served as an official focused on his administrative achievements, portraying him as a model of a “specialized” distinguished official; while national gazetteers, through standardized consolidation, formed a normative image aligned with the state narrative. These differences stem from the interplay of three factors—geographical identity, rules of power, and editorial practices—and represent the interaction between state will and local consciousness within the texts of local gazetteers. By tracing the evolution and integration of biographical narratives, one can not only observe the trajectory of Wang Daokun’s image as it was reshaped across different gazetteers but also discern the general trend in Ming and Qing biographical writing: a shift from local memory to national norms, and from comprehensive narration to functional summaries.

The development of the literature of Yunnan’s eight ethnic minorities with small populations is chiefly manifested in the historical transformation from oral tradition to written creation. With the exception of the Jingpo ethnic group, the other seven groups remained for a long period in a cultural condition characterized by “having language but no writing system.” As a result, literary transmission relied primarily on oral communication, and written creation emerged relatively late. The development of the literature of these eight ethnic minorities in Yunnan from a long-standing oral tradition to written creation constitutes the central concern of this paper. Focusing on the driving forces of this transformation, both external driving factors and internal generative dynamics are examined to reveal the formative mechanism, developmental logic, and evolutionary trajectory through which the literature of Yunnan’s eight ethnic minorities with small populations shifted from oral transmission to written expression, contributing to a deeper understanding of the developmental process of the literature of Yunnan’s ethnic minorities with small populations and provides a reference for further research on such literature.

The, a reduced-block woodblock print, created in the 1990s against the background of China’s social and cultural transformation and the “period of confusion” in the development of Yunnan printmaking, is a representative work exploring the spiritual connotations in Yunnan ethnic-themed printmaking. Inheriting the tradition of Yunnan’s regional and ethnic themes, the work enhances its painterly quality via reduced-block woodblock techniques. Drawing on realism’s idealized portrayal of laborers, the Red Land forms monumental images embodying the symbiosis between farmers, oxen, and the land. With a visual symbolic system composed of red, yellow, black and white, combined with rough carving strokes and a full composition, the work integrates the natural characteristics of the red soil in eastern Yunnan, the farming scenes of ethnic minorities and their spiritual beliefs, breaking through the stereotypical limitations of regional-themed art and realizing the cultural transformation from natural landscape to the national spiritual home. Through de-ethnic-labeled characterization and the expression of universal cultural imagery, the work constructs a strong sense of the Chinese national community, providing a valuable paradigm with practical and contemporary significance for contemporary ethnic-themed art creation in integrating professional skills with artistic innovation, and regional characteristics with national identity.

There have been two rounds of compiling local gazetteers since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, and some scholars have explored the compilation system and content of the local language records, but there have been few discussions on standardization from the perspective of norms. The standardization of the local language records emerged with the development of modern linguistics and Sinitic dialectology, and was also enriched and improved based on the practice of compiling local language records. The development of linguistics and Sinitic dialectology is the basis for compiling the local language records, and provides standards for compiling its core content, including pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. Meanwhile, the practice of compiling the local language records has also promoted the continuous improvement of its compilation system and content. The article concludes by suggesting that the standardization of the local language records included in the newly compiled local records should be enhanced from the perspectives of scientificity and systematization.

Xiangyang is located at the junction of southwestern Henan and northwestern Hubei.The tonal system of Xiangyang dialects is highly similar to that of Nanyang dialect, but quite different from Southwest Mandarin dialects such as Wuhan dialect and Chongqing dialect.In addition, in some dialects of the Xiangyang area,words pronounced voiceless and Entering tone in MC and words which have sub-voiced initials and Entering tone merge with Yinping tone or Yangping tone.It shows a mix of the Zhongyuan Mandarin and the Southwest Mandarin.and this mixed feature shows a geographical gradient. Meanwhile, other phonological characteristics of Xiangyang dialects, such as the modern reflexes of the ancient Jing, Zhuang, Zhi and Zhang initial groups, also display certain mixed traits of the two mandarin divisions.This may be related to factors such as historical migration and administrative planning.

In early excavated texts such as oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, and Warring States bamboo and silk manuscripts, sporadic examples can be found where labial characters and lingual characters are used interchangeably in phonetic series or as phonetic loans. Scholars in the past have explained these phenomena either by positing consonant clusters or by invoking dialectal variation. This study finds that the alternation between labials and linguals not only existed in Old Chinese but also occurs in modern Chinese dialects and minority languages. It represents a natural sound change, possibly related to auditory confusion resulting from phonetic similarity.

The Republic of Moldova, characterized by its complex formative history and multi-ethnic composition, exhibits a bilingual language pattern dominated by Moldovan and Russian, with the coexistence of multiple languages. This linguistic pattern has been accompanied by intense conflicts from the late 1980s to the early 1990s, driven by Moldova's relatively radical nationalization policies.Afterwards, there were also continuous conflicts due to language issues. These conflicts have emerged not only in debates over the status and usage of Moldovan, Russian, and other minority languages but also in controversies regarding whether the official state language should be labeled as :“Moldovan” or “Romanian.” The case of Moldovan elucidate the importance of addressing the linguistic interests of diverse groups during language policy reforms, as neglecting these considerations may jeopardize inter-ethnic relations and the unity of the multi-ethnic state.

The major of social work is an important pathway for training professional talents in social governance and social services. In the new era, the cultivation of high-level social work master's degree graduate students should consider three major integrations: First, the integration of social work academic research and practical services. Social workers should pay attention to the latest academic research progress in their daily practice and services, and use the latest methods, theories, and technologies to guide social work practice activities, thereby improving the capacity of social governance and the efficiency of social services. Second, the joint training of academic supervisors and industry supervisors. The social work master's degree graduate students implement a “supervisor group” joint training system, exploring an educational mechanism that collaborates across majors and industries. Third, the integration of social work and emerging technologies. Social work needs to utilize emerging scientific and technological innovations such as artificial intelligence and big data to enhance service quality. In the assessment and diagnosis stage, artificial intelligence can be used to quickly extract the needs of service recipients, providing data support for formulating intervention plans. In the intervention stage, it can generate standardized preliminary service plans for social workers to further personalize. After case closure, online short videos can be used to promote effective experience models, increasing the visibility of the social work profession among the general public.

Shaped by the Communist Party of China’s practice of reform and opening-up, the Special Zone Spirit embodies a unique value system informing moral education in the new era with its practical rationality and aspirational pursuit. Rooted in the historical process of national transformation led by the Party, the spirit integrates patriotism as the core of the national spirit with reform and innovation as the driving force of the times, reflecting the determined struggle and pioneering legacy of the people in the Special Zones. A threefold approach to incorporating the Special Zone Spirit into moral education—developing a three-phase instructional model to enrich classroom content and strengthen value guidance through curricular redesign; establishing a tripartite education framework to deepen practical learning and promote behavioral internalization via contextualized settings; and enhancing public communication to foster a culture of learning, supported by digital means to improve spiritual transmission—is proposed in the study. Together, these mechanisms provide a workable strategy for nurturing a new generation equipped with innovative capability and national devotion.

For Chinese language teaching at middle school, literary genre concepts determine the rationality and effectiveness of the instruction. The genre perception has long existed in Chinese teaching at middle school, primarily manifested as a contradiction between clear theoretical understanding and vague teaching practice, leading to practical deficiencies such as rigid teaching content, monotonous teaching methods, and chaotic writing styles, making Chinese language teaching and learning difficult. The situation stems from the utilitarianism and entrenched habits of exam-oriented education, involving deeper factors such as understanding of creative principles and individual capability development. The key to resolving this issue lies in reshaping the artistry of Chinese language education, transforming it into a means of cultivating humanistic sentiment, artistic literacy, and aesthetic sensibility for both educators and learners.

Empowering the reform of rural Chinese aesthetic education through technology is a crucial initiative to promote educational equity and quality improvement. Currently, such reform faces several dilemmas, including the lack of alignment between digital aesthetic education resources and specialized resources for Chinese aesthetic education, the structural gap between teachers' digital literacy and Chinese aesthetic education instruction, and the significant disparities in the application of VR/AR technologies in the reform of Chinese aesthetic education. To overcome these challenges, three practical approaches can be adopted. First, establishing a dedicated digital resource zone for rural Chinese aesthetic education to facilitate the transformation of resources from “large-scale” to “well-adapted.” Second, enhancing the practical transformation capabilities of young teachers in rural Chinese aesthetic education reform through “technology-aesthetic” integrated training and the development of “digital profiles” for growth tracking. Third, deepening the integration of VR/AR technologies into classroom teaching to construct a digital aesthetic teaching paradigm, refining the practical evaluation system for technology-empowered rural Chinese aesthetic education reform, and achieving a profound restructuring from the tool level to the educational ecosystem level.