Abstract: In November of 2020, China held the largest population census in the world. The population not only reveals the "family background" of China's population, including the number, quality, structure and distribution of the national population, but also provides an important basis for China's 14th Five-year Plan for social and economic development. According to the data of the seventh census, several new changes have taken place in China's population in the past ten years: the population continues to grow, but the growth rate slows down gradually; population education culture and quality have steadily improved; the average number of years of education has been significantly improved; the gender structure of the population has gradually returned to equilibrium; the age structure of the population has been deeply aging; the proportion of the labor force has begun to decline; and the population structure has shown a deep U-shaped change of "two rises and one decline" The migration and movement of population has become more active, and the development of population urbanization has entered the fast lane. Therefore, some thoughts from the aspects of population fertility policy and its supporting adjustment, population mobility pattern and resource allocation, economic structure adjustment and labor employment are put forward in the paper.

Key words: the seventh population census, population characteristic, population trend