Abstract: Multiculturalism is a way for multi-ethnic countries to deal with cultural diversity, respects ethnic identity and construct ethnic national identity. Different countries have different inclinations between difference and unity and choose different paths of multiculturalism. The assimilation power of the United States is strong. Ethnic culture is more of an individual choice, close to soft multiculturalism. Canada is the first country to implement multiculturalism. It respects cultural differences, attaches importance to the protection of ethnic minorities, and close to hard multiculturalism. Australia regards cultural rights as a part of civil rights, reconciling particularity and universality, close to liberal multiculturalism. Based on national conditions and ethnic characteristics, different countries apply multiculturalism flexibly, forming the unique modes to deal with ethnic cultures.

Key words: Multiculturalism, Ethnic cultural policy, Ethnic identity, National identity