Abstract: Returning migrant workers are an important force in rural governance. With the increase of returning migrant workers, the “governance effectiveness” of rural society has a new main force. The concept awareness and behavior participation of returning migrant workers in the process of social governance practice are systematically sorted out, and the social, organizational, individual and other factors that affect the participation and awareness of returning migrant workers are analyzed through field research on the number of returning migrant workers in Luliang County and their participation and awareness in rural social governance, based on cognitive behavior research and research on urban and rural society. This paper discusses the ways and methods of creating a participation environment, unblocking participation channels, improving incentive mechanism, and improving participation ability from the perspective of building the main consciousness of returning migrant workers in rural social governance, from the two dimensions of participation and self-consciousness.

Key words: rural social governance, returned migrant workers, participation, consciousness