Abstract: Significant progress has been made in the comprehensive victory against the battle of alleviating poverty. In the formerly poverty-stricken areas, especially in those of extreme poverty, great achievements have been made in the post-poverty-alleviation era. The infrastructure of rural agricultural modernization has been improved. The business subjects of modern agriculture and rural collective economy are both developed. Management system of modern agriculture is innovated. A solid foundation for agricultural modernization in rural areas is laid. Talent support for agricultural modernization is established, which helps lay a foundation for realization of agricultural modernization in rural areas. However, there are still many problems in the process of agricultural modernization, such as barriers to labor transfer, land circulation system innovation dilemma, talent demand dilemma, structural and institutional obstacles. Poverty alleviation needs to be enhanced in the post-poverty-alleviation era. The modernization of rural agriculture needs to be closely connected with winning the battle against poverty. Only by raising the level of human capital, promoting rural agricultural labor transfer, innovating land circulation system, developing vocational education in rural areas, providing talent support system for agricultural modernization and improving institutional mechanisms for linking interests can we promote an organic combination? between the poverty alleviation achievements and the agricultural modernization in rural areas, and ultimately realize the agricultural modernization in rural areas.

Key words: consolidating achievements in poverty alleviation, agricultural modernization in rural areas, innovative approach