摩尔多瓦共和国的语言政策变革与冲突

曲靖师范学院学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 89-96.

摩尔多瓦共和国的语言政策变革与冲突

何俊芳, 罗小妹

中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院,北京 100081

收稿日期:2025-11-14 出版日期:2026-03-26 发布日期:2026-04-23
作者简介:何俊芳,中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院教授,博士,博士生导师,北京大学铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地兼职研究员,主要从事民族社会学和语言社会学研究。
基金资助:
国家社科基金一般项目“当代俄罗斯联邦的国语政策、语言关系与国家认同的建构及启示研究”(24BMZ113)。

The Language Policy Reform and Conflicts in the Republic of Moldova

HE Junfang, LUO Xiaomei

School of Ethnology and Sociology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2025-11-14 Published:2026-03-26 Online:2026-04-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 摩尔多瓦共和国因其形成历史的复杂性及多族裔组成状况,形成了摩、俄双语为主、多语并存的语言格局。20世纪80年代末至20世纪90年代前半期,由于摩尔多瓦实行比较激进的国语化政策,导致了国内激烈的语言冲突;之后,也因语言问题一直纷争不断。这些冲突不仅表现在围绕摩语、俄语以及其他民族语言的地位和使用等方面,还包括国语名称应使用“摩尔多瓦语”还是“罗马尼亚语”方面的争议。摩尔多瓦的案例说明,在语言政策变革的过程中,要兼顾到不同群体的语言利益,否则可能对族际关系甚至对多民族国家的统一造成破坏。

关键词: 语言政策变革, 语言冲突, 摩尔多瓦, 族际关系, 国家统一

Abstract: The Republic of Moldova, characterized by its complex formative history and multi-ethnic composition, exhibits a bilingual language pattern dominated by Moldovan and Russian, with the coexistence of multiple languages. This linguistic pattern has been accompanied by intense conflicts from the late 1980s to the early 1990s, driven by Moldova's relatively radical nationalization policies.Afterwards, there were also continuous conflicts due to language issues. These conflicts have emerged not only in debates over the status and usage of Moldovan, Russian, and other minority languages but also in controversies regarding whether the official state language should be labeled as :“Moldovan” or “Romanian.” The case of Moldovan elucidate the importance of addressing the linguistic interests of diverse groups during language policy reforms, as neglecting these considerations may jeopardize inter-ethnic relations and the unity of the multi-ethnic state.

Key words: Language Policy Reform, Language Conflict, Moldova, Inter-Ethnic Relations, National Unity

中图分类号:

H775

何俊芳, 罗小妹. 摩尔多瓦共和国的语言政策变革与冲突[J]. 曲靖师范学院学报, 2026, 45(2): 89-96.

HE Junfang, LUO Xiaomei. The Language Policy Reform and Conflicts in the Republic of Moldova[J]. Journal of Qujing Normal University, 2026, 45(2): 89-96.