出土上古文献所见唇音与舌音相谐相通现象及其音理解释

曲靖师范学院学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 81-88.

出土上古文献所见唇音与舌音相谐相通现象及其音理解释

胡海琼

华南师范大学文学院,广东广州 510006

收稿日期:2026-01-10 出版日期:2026-03-26 发布日期:2026-04-23
作者简介:胡海琼,华南师范大学文学院副教授,博士,硕士生导师,主要从事出土文献音韵研究。
基金资助:
教育部人文社科规划项目“清华简谐声通假音韵数据库建设与白一平-沙加尔上古音体系验证研究”(21YJA740013);广东省普通高校创新团队项目“商周金文研究创新团队”(2024WCXTD010)。

The Phenomenon of Harmony and Interchange between Labial and Lingual Sounds as Seen in Excavated Ancient Chinese Texts and Its Phonological Interpretation

HU Haiqiong

School of Chinese Language and Literature, South China Normal University, Guangzhou Guangdong 510006, China

Received:2026-01-10 Published:2026-03-26 Online:2026-04-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 甲骨文、金文、战国简帛等出土上古文献中零星可以看到唇音字与舌音字谐声、通假的例子,以往学者或用复辅音或用方音来解释。研究发现唇音与舌音交替的现象,不仅在上古汉语存在,在现代汉语方言、民族语言中都有,属于自然音变,可能与语音相近导致误听有关。因此,唇音与舌音交替涉及的这批字,上古声母没有必要构拟为复辅音或复杂辅音,也不必为它们专门构拟一个音位。

关键词: 出土上古文献, 唇音与舌音, 相谐相通, 音理

Abstract: In early excavated texts such as oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, and Warring States bamboo and silk manuscripts, sporadic examples can be found where labial characters and lingual characters are used interchangeably in phonetic series or as phonetic loans. Scholars in the past have explained these phenomena either by positing consonant clusters or by invoking dialectal variation. This study finds that the alternation between labials and linguals not only existed in Old Chinese but also occurs in modern Chinese dialects and minority languages. It represents a natural sound change, possibly related to auditory confusion resulting from phonetic similarity.

Key words: Excavated Ancient Chinese Texts, Labial and Lingual Sounds, Harmony and Interchange, Phonological Interpretation

中图分类号:

H111

胡海琼. 出土上古文献所见唇音与舌音相谐相通现象及其音理解释[J]. 曲靖师范学院学报, 2026, 45(2): 81-88.

HU Haiqiong. The Phenomenon of Harmony and Interchange between Labial and Lingual Sounds as Seen in Excavated Ancient Chinese Texts and Its Phonological Interpretation[J]. Journal of Qujing Normal University, 2026, 45(2): 81-88.