Abstract: Tajikistan is the only country in Central Asia using Persian as its official language. Having been influenced by a variety of foreign cultures for a long time, Tajik culture has the unique feature of hybridity. After gaining independence, Tajikistan is confronted with the perplexing situation of establishing cultural identity in the multi-cultural context. Based on the development stages of Tajik literature, including folk oral literature, classical literature, Soviet and post-Soviet literature, the paper mainly focuses the historical process of Tajikistan's literature, examines the impacts of foreign cultures on Tajik literature in each historical period, understands deeply and analyzes thoroughly the dilemmas and opportunities faced byTajikistan in terms of national identity., The study of such issues as inheriting Tajik literary heritage and developing Tajik literature is to help comprehend the anxiety of cultural identity in Tajik literature and predict the problems in the process of Tajik de-Russification and re-Persianization.

Key words: Tajikistan, literary history, hybridity, national identity