Table of Content

26 January 2026, Volume 45 Issue 1

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Spatial Hybridity and National Identity of Tajikistan's Literature

ZHANG Lingyan

2026, 45(1):  1-10. 

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Tajikistan is the only country in Central Asia using Persian as its official language. Having been influenced by a variety of foreign cultures for a long time, Tajik culture has the unique feature of hybridity. After gaining independence, Tajikistan is confronted with the perplexing situation of establishing cultural identity in the multi-cultural context. Based on the development stages of Tajik literature, including folk oral literature, classical literature, Soviet and post-Soviet literature, the paper mainly focuses the historical process of Tajikistan's literature, examines the impacts of foreign cultures on Tajik literature in each historical period, understands deeply and analyzes thoroughly the dilemmas and opportunities faced byTajikistan in terms of national identity., The study of such issues as inheriting Tajik literary heritage and developing Tajik literature is to help comprehend the anxiety of cultural identity in Tajik literature and predict the problems in the process of Tajik de-Russification and re-Persianization.

Amazigh Merchants as “Middlemen” and Their Identity Display Paths: Field Observation Research Based on Casablanca

HAN Xiaofeng

2026, 45(1):  11-22. 

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The identity practices of Moroccan Amazigh merchants from the perspective of the “intermediary” are analyzed based on ethnographic fieldwork. The study finds that the historical “intermediacy” formed through long-term cross-regional migration and commercial networks has been reactivated in the context of urbanization and state governance, manifesting in two dimensions. On the one hand, the identity practice is embodied in a system of commercial cooperation shaped by obligations toward the ethnic group. On the other hand, the identity practices involves pragmatic, situational adjustments among multiple identities—Amazigh, Muslim, and Moroccan, both articulating group identity and aligning with the state's unifying narrative. Overall, the intermediary perspective provides a new analytical lens for understanding Morocco's cultural plurality and the dynamics of identity politics in a postcolonial context.

From Land-Centered Perspective to a Maritime Perspective: A Paradigmatic Shift in Vietnamese Maritime History Research

WEI Chao, ZHENG Jingjing

2026, 45(1):  23-30. 

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The study of Vietnamese maritime history in academia has undergone a paradigm shift from land-centered narratives to a focused maritime perspective. Early scholarship, influenced by traditional historiography and terrestrial viewpoints, long relegated maritime activities to the periphery. Since the late 20th century, spurred by the rise of global and regional history, scholars have increasingly recognized the sea as a vital analytical framework for understanding Vietnam's historical development. Consequently, research themes have evolved from questioning the mere “existence of maritime consciousness” to exploring multi-dimensional issues such as “maritime institutions and policies” and “cross-border trade networks”. The research focus has also expanded from intellectual and institutional history to analysis of transnational connections and cross-border networks, reflecting an interplay between paradigm evolution and engagement with real-world issues. A review of this scholarly trajectory reveals the mutual shaping of knowledge production, political context, and international academic trends.

From Resource Dependence to Knowledge-Driven Development: Drivers, Pathways, and Challenges of Higher Education Reform in Saudi Arabia

MA Juan, MA Run, DIAO Wei

2026, 45(1):  31-42. 

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In the face of post-oil economic transformation, Saudi Arabia has positioned higher education reform at the heart of its national modernization strategy. This article analyzes the reform's strategic logic and implementation from three perspectives: underlying drivers, reform pathways, and structural challenges. The study finds that economic restructuring, demographic and employment pressures, and socio-cultural change are the primary forces propelling reform. By optimizing governance, expanding institutional autonomy, deepening international cooperation, and restructuring curricula, Saudi Arabia has advanced the modernization and internationalization of its higher education system, achieving notable progress in faculty internationalization, research output, and employment structure adjustment. Yet internal and external constraints continue to hinder deeper reform. Achieving an organic integration of tradition and modernity within the framework of educational modernization has therefore become a central challenge for Saudi higher education governance.

Development Path of Rural Tourism Community Regeneration from a Local Perspective: A Case Study of Puzhehei Village in Yunnan

LI Qinglei, HU Jingliu

2026, 45(1):  43-52. 

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Place theory,as a comprehensive theoretical framework,provides a core analytical lens for examining the spatial practices,social connections,and identity construction in rural tourism communities through its profound interpretation of the “human-place-meaning” interaction. The case study of Puzhehei Village of three decades in tourism development deconstructs the three dimensions of local development in rural tourism communities from a place theory perspective by employing qualitative research methods including field surveys, semi-structured interviews, and textual analysis,and drawing on Japan's concept of regional revitalization. A path for local revitalization to address the current crises in Puzhehei, including imbalanced material landscapes, increasingly complex and contradictory social relations, and diminishing spiritual identity has been proposed. At the material level, the path emphasizes preserving local authenticity and enhancing the expression of landscape locality. At the social level,the path advocates reconstructing community connections and cultivating villagers as innovative business entities. At the spiritual level, the path focuses on reshaping local identity and promoting the local reproduction of spiritual homeland practices.

Dilemmas and Breakthroughs in the Development of Folk Lodging in Ethnic Areas in the Context of Rural Revitalization: A perspective of Social Participation and Cross-border Cooperation

YANG Chunyuan , LI Dongqin

2026, 45(1):  53-60. 

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With the in-depth promotion of China's rural revitalization strategy in ethnic areas, lodging industry, as an emerging industry integrating ethnic culture, tourism and rural revitalization, has shown strong economic growth potential and cultural heritage value. However, in the current development of B&B industry in ethnic areas, there are problems such as a single participant, insufficient integration with other related industries, and imperfect industrial chain, constraining the space for the development of B&B industry. These dilemmas can be broken through from expanding social participation and strengthening cross-border cooperation, attracting more social forces to participate in the B&B industry, establishing the benefit linkage mechanism among the government, enterprises, communities and other social organizations, strengthening the B&B branding and marketing, and making full use of cross-border synergy between the B&B industry and the fields of rural tourism, cultural and creative industries, and the preservation of national culture, so as to unleash the huge influence of the B&B industry on economic growth and cultural inheritance of the ethnic areas. Then, the huge potential of B&B industry to the economic growth and cultural inheritance of ethnic areas released is to provide a theoretical basis and practical path for the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization in ethnic areas in China.

Logical Mechanism, Srategic Value, and Practical Approach to Empowering the Digital Transformation and Upgrading of the “Village Competition” Tourism Industry with New Quality Productivity

YANG Yiyuan

2026, 45(1):  61-68. 

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In the era of the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas and the deep integration of Digital China strategy, new quality productivity, as an advanced productivity state with the core connotation of technological revolutionary breakthrough, innovative allocation of production factors, and in-depth industrial transformation and upgrading, provides the core driving force and implementation framework for the digital transformation and upgrading of the “village competition” tourism industry by systematically reconstructing the development pattern of the “village competition” tourism industry. Focusing on the logic mechanism, strategic value and practice path of the digital intelligence transformation and upgrading of the “village competition” tourism industry enabled by the new quality productivity, the research reveals that the new quality productivity drives the transformation of the “village competition” tourism industry form from the traditional experience driven to the modern digital intelligence driven through the four-dimensional linkage mechanism of technology base reconstruction, data element driving, service experience upgrading, and industrial ecology synergy. The systematic empowerment of new productivity not only releases the economic potential of “village competition” tourism, but also builds a new momentum of high-quality rural development, reshapes the new pattern of urban-rural integration, innovates the new mode of rural governance, leads the new path of cultural inheritance and national soft power construction, and provides a core engine for Rural Revitalization and digital civilization construction.

Coupling Paths of Dong Intermarriage Circle Changes and Ethnic Mutual Embeddedness and Integration: A Case Study of Dong Village Y in Qiandongnan

YU Tao, WANG Qian, LV Jingrong

2026, 45(1):  69-82. 

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As an important carrier of ethnic interactions and exchanges, the trajectory of the intermarriage circle provides an observational perspective for the understanding of the practice of localization of the Chinese national community consciousness. Through the field research of Dong village Y in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture in Guizhou Province, the changing picture of Dong intermarriage circle, the influencing factors, and the intrinsic relevance of ethnic intermingling and mingling are analyzed. Before the reform and opening up, Dong intermarriages mainly took the form of village, ethnic, hierarchical, and clan exogamy, forming a closed and stable intermarriage circle. Under the background of mobile modernity, Dong intermarriage circle is deeply intertwined with multiple factors such as differences in economic development, reforms in the household registration system, changes in the concept of marriage and love, expansion of social communication, and cultural habits, presenting the“inward spiral”and“outward spiral”. The intermarriage circle is deeply intertwined by multiple factors, such as the difference in economic development, the reform of the household registration system, the change of the concept of marriage, the expansion of social exchanges, and the constraints of cultural practices, presenting a situation of “inward scrolling” and “outward expanding”. The expansion of the intermarriage circle has broken down geographical restrictions, constructed ties across ethnic boundaries, promoted the spatial, economic, cultural, social, psychological and other aspects of the interlocking coupling of various ethnic groups, strengthened the sense of identity and belonging to the Chinese national community, and provided a concrete and sustainable practical path for forging the sense of community of the Chinese nation.

Cultural Transformation and Genetic Reconstruction of Heqing Silverware in Yunnan

WAN Kehan

2026, 45(1):  83-89. 

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Heqing Silverware in Yunnan is not only an exquisite handicraft but also a significant carrier of millennia-old cultural memory and ethnic wisdom. An in-depth analysis of the mechanisms of cultural transformation and the logic of genetic reconstruction of Heqing silverware in its historical evolution and modern transition is conducted by integrating multidisciplinary perspectives including political economy, cultural ecology, and gene coding theory. The findings reveal the patterns of selective inheritance and creative transformation under technological innovation, power dynamics, and capital involvement through deconstructing the value transformation process of silverware from material production to symbolic consumption. The cultural transformation of Heqing silverware is essentially a revaluation of cultural symbols and an adaptive reconstruction of a cultural ecosystem, with its genetic reconstruction process exhibiting the characteristic of “preserving core codes while innovating peripheral codes,” thus providing an interdisciplinary analytical framework and theoretical interpretation for understanding the modernization of traditional crafts.

Ritual Practice and Cultural Interpretation: An Ethnographic Study of the Molimo Dance

WU Yanzhu

2026, 45(1):  90-96. 

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The African continent in the 1950s emerged as a pivotal field for the development of humanities and social sciences theories due to its unique cultural ecology. Scholars focused on ethnic groups like the Nuer and Azande to explore the formation of modern African state orders. Within this research context, the Pygmies garnered significant attention. However, in his work “The Forest People”, Tylor deviated from mainstream political genesis paradigms, and employed vivid ethnographic cases and empathetic narratives to examine humanistic issues underlying cultural practices, a shift marking the paradigm shift in ethnography from interpretive and scientific writing to experiential and thick description. Tylor's research reveals that the Pygmies' life artistry is deeply rooted in the “interpenetrating” cultural space constructed by the Molimo Dance and music rituals. Under the symbolic system of the “Forest God,” these ritual practices maintained the closed social logic of mechanical ethnic unity, forming a stark cultural contrast with the open, adaptive interactions of village communities. This provides a typical ethnological sample for understanding the relationship between ritual practices and social order.

Development of Hierarchical Indicator System for Online Learning Determinants: An Integrated Framework Based on Literature Synthesis

SUN Qian, LONG Zhenghong

2026, 45(1):  97-107. 

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Research on the factors influencing traditional offline learning has reached a high degree of maturity, characterized by stable construct definitions and established measurement pathways. In contrast, online learning remains in a state of rapid evolution as platform functionalities and interaction modes continuously update. The constant emergence of new explanatory variables complicates the selection of relevant factors and hinders the accumulation of comparative evidence across studies. A standardized and scalable hierarchical indicator system for online learning is developed to cover this gap. Key factors rooted in classic learning theories are identified through a combination of deductive reasoning and a systematic synthesis of high-impact literature. A final framework comprising 7 primary, 19 secondary, and 65 tertiary indicators including seven critical dimensions-learners, instructors, instructional design and curriculum, social interaction, evaluation and feedback, technology and platforms, and the external institutional environment--has been established following rigorous boundary definition and consistency validation. The proposed system provides a structured foundation for future empirical measurement and scale development, offering a practical reference for online course design and quality diagnosis.

Epochal Value, Main Characteristics, and Implementation Pathways of Integrated Professional and Innovation-Entrepreneurship Education

DUAN Ruilong

2026, 45(1):  108-116. 

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The integration of professional and innovation-entrepreneurship education represents a significant response of higher education to the innovation-driven development strategy and a vital manifestation of its profound self-transformation, emerging as a forefront issue in contemporary educational reform, holding crucial functions in reshaping the educational paradigm, deepening industry-education integration, and cultivating an innovation ecosystem. Specifically, the integration facilitates the deep coupling of knowledge systems with innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities, empowers the construction of a long-term collaborative mechanism between the education chain and the industry chain, and strengthens the sustainable foundation for serving national strategic needs. This integrated approach exhibits multidimensional characteristics--its value dimension reflected in the shared educational objectives and mutual relevance between professional education and innovation-entrepreneurship education; its domain dimension characterized by an interdisciplinary system involving multiple disciplines and possessing a cross-boundary nature; and its practical dimension emphasizing action and practical reform as important forces in enhancing the quality of integrated education. Following the principles of cross-boundary integration, deep learning, and practical transformation may achieve its educational goals. This entails enhancing the permeability of disciplinary and curricular boundaries to promote cross-boundary knowledge integration, constructing an ecological environment for integrated education to reshape the learning experiences of both teachers and students, and strengthening the connection between education and real-life contexts to highlight the inquiry-driven nature of education.

Prediction of Preschool Teacher Demand and Optimization Strategies for the Training System in Yunnan under the New Demographic Situation

WANG Ruo, ZHENG Yan, ZHU Yi

2026, 45(1):  117-128. 

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At present, China is undergoing a demographic transition phase. A case study of Yunnan Province is conducted to investigate the impact of population changes on the demand for and cultivation of preschool teachers by projecting and analyzing the preschool-aged population and the demand for preschool teachers in Yunnan from 2025 to 2035. The results indicate that the overall demand for preschool teachers in Yunnan shows a declining trend. The teacher training system is characterized by its large scale and comprehensive levels, with a primary focus on junior college education and a relatively low hierarchical emphasis. Strategies for optimizing the preschool teacher training system from both the supply side and demand side are proposed in response to the impending issue of oversupply in preschool teacher training in Yunnan, aiming to establish a training ecosystem with precise supply and achieve an ideal state of balanced supply and demand for preschool teachers.