Abstract: The mines in the Qing Dynasty were a collection of independent ore mines, not a well-organized enterprise organization,the order of the mine is related to the interests of the factory, the regional economic development and the stability of the frontier. In order to ensure the smooth progress of production and life, protect their own interests ,the factory people have established a self- Operation mechanism outside the government's supervision mechanism. In the Yunnan mining area, according to the characteristics of the migrant workers in the factory, the factory has established a self- Operation mechanism based on the culture of the hometown of immigrants. The identity of the fellowship in the traditional culture, folk beliefs, and fellowship organizations play an important role in maintaining the order of the mines, ensuring the long-term stability of Yunnan mines and creating a good social environment for the prosperity of Yunnan mining industry.

Key words: hometown culture, mine, self-operationt mechanism, Yunnan