古代两河流域苏美尔人崇拜的地府神明研究

曲靖师范学院学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 77-83.

古代两河流域苏美尔人崇拜的地府神明研究

张宝利

曲靖师范学院人文学院,云南曲靖 655011

收稿日期:2017-10-25 出版日期:2018-03-26
作者简介:张宝利,曲靖师范学院人文学院助教,主要从事世界古代史研究。

A Study of the Netherworld Gods Worshipped by the Sumerian in the Ancient Mesopotamia

Zhang Baoli

The College of Humanities, Qujing Normal University, Qujing Yunnan 655011, China

Received:2017-10-25 Published:2018-03-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 古代两河流域的苏美尔人认为人必然死亡,人死后以灵魂(gidim)的形式在地下世界中继续生活。苏美尔人想象中的地下世界和现实世界具有一定的相似性,地府神明取代了人间国王和各级官吏,形成了地下世界的行政管理体系,对地府中的灵魂进行管理和统治。根据定期到乌尔第三王朝时期的《乌尔那穆之死》、定期到古巴比伦时期的《吉勒旮美什之死》和《南那亚的悼歌》三部作品,再结合相关的文献证据来构建古代两河流域苏美尔人崇拜的地府神明体系,分析各地府神明的头衔和职责。

关键词: 苏美尔人, 地下世界, 地府神明

Abstract: The Sumerian in the Mesopotamia believe that human must die, and then they will continue to live in the Netherworld as a soul. The Sumerian believe there has comparability between the Real-world and the Netherworld. The gods in the Netherworld replaced the Earth king and officers of each level, and they constituted the administrative system of the Netherworld, managed and governed those souls of the Netherworld. This paper takes The Death of Ur-Namma, which dated to the Ur third Period, The Death of Gilgame and An Elegy on the Death of Nannaya, both dated to the Old Babylonian Period, and other texts as the literature evidence, to establish the system of the Netherworld Gods that the Sumerian worshiped, and to analyze the title and the function of these Gods in the Netherworld.

Key words: Sumerian, the Netherworld, Gods in the Netherworld

中图分类号:

K124

张宝利. 古代两河流域苏美尔人崇拜的地府神明研究[J]. 曲靖师范学院学报, 2018, 37(2): 77-83.

Zhang Baoli. A Study of the Netherworld Gods Worshipped by the Sumerian in the Ancient Mesopotamia[J]. JOURNAL OF QUJING NORMAL UNIVERSITY, 2018, 37(2): 77-83.