天道与地道:《管子》“道治”思想探赜

曲靖师范学院学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 30-39.

天道与地道:《管子》“道治”思想探赜

公维军

江苏大学文学院,江苏镇江 212013

收稿日期:2022-05-25 发布日期:2022-08-04
作者简介:公维军,江苏大学文学院讲师,硕士生导师,文学博士,主要从事文学人类学、神话学研究。
基金资助:
2019年度江苏省“双创计划”(世界名校类)人才项目“文学人类学视域下的《管子》研究”(苏人才办〔2019〕20号文件)、江苏大学文学院农业文学与文化研究重点课题“《管子》农本思想及相关农业仪式研究”(2020NW02)。

Tao of Heaven and Tao of Earth : Seeking the Source of Tao's Governance in Guanzi

GONG Weijun

School of Liberal Arts, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013, China

Received:2022-05-25 Online:2022-08-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 《管子》是我国先秦时代的神圣文本,蕴含着管仲为服务于齐国崛起而采取的治国安邦、辅政牧民、祭祀教化、理财筹算和资源调配等系列理念。其中,竭力秉承天道、地道的道治思想,是维系齐国整个社会体系正常运转的关键中枢,而贯穿《管子》的核心之道依然是作为宇宙本源的“道”。基于考古学以及文学人类学的神话历史新视角,参照传统经典文献、地下出土文字、考古实物图像等互阐互释的多重证据,努力从“道”的宇宙发生学层面去找寻其所以然因素,揭示重视神话原型之一为太阳的天道以及隐喻原初地母崇拜的地道,进而促使基于宇宙之道的政治神话得以形成。

关键词: 《管子》, 天道, 地道, 神话历史, 四重证据法

Abstract: Guanzi is the holy text in pre-Qin period in China which contains a series of ideas for the powerful State of Qi put forward by Guan Zhong, including safeguarding a country, managing civilian affairs, holding sacrificial rituals and enlightening people, making financial plannings, and allocating resources. Among those ideas, the governance of mythical thinking, which upholds the ideas of Tao of heaven and Tao of earth, is the key term of maintaining the operation of social policies properly in State of Qi. The core idea which runs through Guanzi is the origin of the universe Tao. The article is based on archaeology and new myth history perspective of literary anthropology, refers to multiple evidences which can verify each other, including traditional classic documents, unearthed documents, archaeological artifacts and images, finds the causes from cosmogenesis level of Tao. Meanwhile, the article reveals that one of the valued mythological archetype is Tao of heaven which represented by sun, alludes Tao of earth which is the original adoration of Mother Earth. Hence, it forms the political myth which based on the universe Tao.

Key words: Guanzi, Tao of Heaven,Tao of Earth, Myth history, Quadruple-evidence approach

中图分类号:

B226.1

公维军. 天道与地道:《管子》“道治”思想探赜[J]. 曲靖师范学院学报, 2022, 41(4): 30-39.

GONG Weijun. Tao of Heaven and Tao of Earth : Seeking the Source of Tao's Governance in Guanzi[J]. Journal of Qujing Normal University, 2022, 41(4): 30-39.

参考文献

[1] 金岳霖.论道[M].北京:商务印书馆,1987:16.
[2] [7] [21] 叶舒宪.老子与神话[M].西安:陕西人民出版社,2005:59,71,172.
[3] 闻一多.闻一多全集(第1卷)[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1982:143.
[4] 国家文物局古文献研究室.马王堆汉墓帛书(壹)[M].北京:文物出版社,1980:58.
[5] (法)保尔·拉法格.宗教和资本[M].王子野,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1963:2.
[6] [30] [31] [32] 黎翔凤.管子校注[M].梁运华,整理.北京:中华书局,2004:241-242,924,1196,1183.
[8] 北京大学哲学系,外国哲学史教研室.古希腊罗马哲学[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1957:28.
[9] 董楚平.中国上古创世神话钩沉——楚帛书甲篇解读兼谈中国神话的若干问题[J].中国社会科学,2002(5):151-163,206-207.
[10] 段成式.酉阳杂俎[M].方南生,点校.北京:中华书局,1981:16.
[11] (德)恩斯特·卡西尔.人论[M].甘阳,译.上海:上海译文出版社,1985:54.
[12] Theo P. J. van den Hout. The Purity of Kingship: An Edition of Cht 569 and Related Hittite Oracle Inquiries of Tuthaliya Ⅳ[M]. Leiden:Brill, 1998:74.
[13] 吕光天.鄂温克族[M].北京:民族出版社,1983:67.
[14] Stephanie Dalley. Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, the Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989:102.
[15] (美)南诺·马瑞纳托斯.米诺王权与太阳女神——一个近东的共同体[M].王倩,译.西安:陕西师范大学出版社,2013:83.
[16] 阮元.十三经注疏(影印本)[M].北京:中华书局,1980:90.
[17] (美)罗伯特·沙雷尔,(美)温迪·阿什莫尔.考古学:发现我们的过去[M].余西云,等译.上海:上海人民出版社,2009:450.
[18] 山东省文物考古研究所.临淄齐故城[M].北京:文物出版社,2013:543.
[19] 司马迁.史记[M].北京:中华书局,1959:259.
[20] (德)埃利希·诺伊曼.大母神:原型分析[M].李以洪,译.北京:东方出版社,1998:20.
[22] (罗马尼亚)米尔恰·伊利亚德.神圣与世俗[M].王建光,译.北京:华夏出版社,2002:79.
[23] James Mooney. The Ghost-Dance Religion and the Sioux Outbreak of 1890[J]. Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology,ⅩⅣ, 2, Washington, 1896:721, 724.
[24] 俞伟超,严文明,等.座谈东山嘴遗址[J].文物,1984(11):12-21.
[25] (日)吉田敦彦.日本神话的考古学[M].唐卉,况铭,译.西安:陕西师范大学出版社,2013:164.
[26] 张开焱.世界祖宗型神话——中国上古创世神话源流与叙事类型研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2016:401.
[27] 游国恩.天问纂义[M].北京:中华书局,1982:178.
[28] Marcel Granet. Le dépot de l'enfant sur le sol[M]. Revue Archéologique, 1922. In Marcel Granet. Études sociologiques sur la Chine. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1953:192ff, 197ff.
[29] Marija Gimbutas. The Living Goddesses[M]. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999:68.